One of the most common mistakes in land ownership and land sales is assuming that because a property has been owned for years, used for years, or understood a certain way for years, its boundaries and title picture must automatically be clear. In the land business, that assumption can create real problems.
A tract may appear straightforward on the surface. The seller may believe they know exactly where the lines are. The neighbors may think the same. A fence may have been treated like the boundary for decades. A path may have always been used as though it belongs to the property. A wooded line may “look right.” But in land ownership and land transactions, assumptions are not the same as certainty.
This is one of the clearest reasons land is different. Land transactions often require closer attention to boundaries, surveys, legal descriptions, acreage, title history, and overlapping claims or misunderstandings that may not be obvious at first glance. These issues affect value, access, marketability, buyer confidence, financing, and closing readiness. Because land is not just another listing, boundary, survey, and title issues should never be treated casually.
Why Boundaries Matter So Much
Boundaries affect far more than where a property begins and ends on paper. They affect:
the actual acreage being conveyed
the location of access routes
the placement of fences, trails, fields, and improvements
timber and hunting use
neighboring relationships
development potential
valuation
buyer confidence
title insurability
closing clarity
A property’s value story can change significantly if the assumed acreage is inaccurate, if a driveway crosses outside the boundary, if a field line is not where the seller believed it to be, or if a neighboring encroachment is discovered during due diligence.
Boundary clarity matters because land is often sold not only on present use, but on space, control, privacy, and future potential. If those things are uncertain, the transaction becomes riskier.
Why People Often Misunderstand Boundaries
Boundary misunderstandings are common in the land world. That is not always because anyone is being careless. Often it is the result of:
old family assumptions
long-term informal use
missing or outdated surveys
historic deeds with vague calls
fence lines treated as legal lines without confirmation
wooded tracts with no visible monuments
acreage estimates repeated over time
neighbors using parts of the property for years without challenge
In rural properties especially, people often come to believe the land is configured a certain way because that is how it has always been talked about or used. But practical understanding and legal certainty are not always the same.
This is why land professionals should respect the seller’s experience while also recognizing that true boundary certainty usually comes from proper legal description, title review, and, where needed, survey work.
The Role of a Survey
A survey is one of the most important tools in the land business because it can help establish where the property boundaries are, what the tract contains, and what issues may affect the land.
Depending on the situation, a survey may help identify:
boundary lines
acreage
encroachments
access routes
rights-of-way
easement locations
improvements relative to the boundary
gaps or overlaps
road frontage
physical features relevant to the legal description
Not every land transaction requires a new survey in every circumstance. But every landowner, buyer, and seller should understand that survey-related questions are often central to risk management and decision-making.
A buyer purchasing land for recreation, building, development, or investment may place significant weight on the accuracy of boundaries and acreage. Even when a prior survey exists, questions may remain about age, reliability, scope, and how well it aligns with current title and visible conditions.
Common Types of Land Surveys
Not all land surveys serve the same purpose. The appropriate type of survey depends on the property, the transaction, the buyer’s intended use, title requirements, and whether development or subdivision is contemplated. Some of the most common types of land surveys include the following.
Boundary Survey
A boundary survey is primarily used to locate and establish the boundary lines and corners of a parcel. The surveyor reviews available deeds, plats, monuments, physical evidence, and other relevant records and then performs fieldwork to determine the location of the property boundaries.
A boundary survey may identify issues such as:
Encroachments
Discrepancies between occupation lines and deeded boundaries
Fences or improvements near property lines
Possible gaps or overlaps
Easements or rights-of-way affecting the boundary
Discrepancies involving acreage or legal descriptions
Boundary surveys are particularly important when buyers or sellers need greater certainty about exactly what land is being conveyed.
Topographic Survey
A topographic survey focuses on the physical characteristics and elevations of the land rather than simply establishing its exterior boundaries. It may show contour lines, changes in elevation, drainage features, roads, buildings, streams, utilities, retaining walls, and other natural or constructed features.
Topographic surveys are commonly used when planning:
Residential or commercial construction
Roads and driveways
Grading
Drainage improvements
Septic or utility infrastructure
Engineering projects
Larger-scale land development
For buyers evaluating steep, irregular, wooded, or development-oriented acreage, topographic information can provide valuable insight into how the land may actually function.
ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey
An ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey is a detailed survey prepared according to nationally established standards developed by the American Land Title Association and the National Society of Professional Surveyors. These surveys are frequently associated with commercial real estate, development projects, institutional financing, and transactions where lenders and title insurers require a higher level of survey detail.
An ALTA/NSPS survey addresses matters that can affect title and use, including boundaries, improvements, easements, rights-of-way, access, encroachments, and other survey-related title matters. The parties may also request additional optional information through what is known as Table A.
The current 2026 ALTA/NSPS Minimum Standard Detail Requirements became effective February 23, 2026 and replaced the prior 2021 standards.
Because these surveys are generally more comprehensive than a basic boundary survey, they are often used when greater certainty is required by the buyer, lender, title insurer, or other parties to a significant real estate transaction.
Subdivision Plat
A subdivision plat is prepared when a larger parcel is being divided into two or more parcels, lots, or tracts. Rather than simply documenting an existing property boundary, the plat illustrates the proposed configuration of the newly created parcels.
Depending on the project and local requirements, a subdivision plat may show:
New property lines
Lot dimensions and acreage
Roads and proposed rights-of-way
Access points
Easements
Utility areas
Building setback lines
Common areas
Existing or proposed improvements
Subdivision approval is generally governed by local and state requirements, and the plat may need to be reviewed and approved by the applicable municipality, county, planning agency, or other governmental authority before the new parcels can be legally created or recorded.
Which Type of Survey Do You Need?
The answer depends on what you are trying to accomplish.
If the primary question is “Where are my property lines?”, a boundary survey may be appropriate.
If the concern is “What are the elevations and physical characteristics of this property?”, a topographic survey may be needed.
If the property involves a substantial commercial transaction, lender, or title-insurance requirements, an ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey may be appropriate.
If the goal is to divide one parcel into multiple parcels, a subdivision plat and the applicable subdivision approval process will generally be involved.
In some transactions, more than one type of surveying work may be required. Survey terminology, standards, and regulatory requirements can also vary by jurisdiction, so landowners and buyers should discuss the intended purpose of the survey with a licensed professional surveyor before ordering the work.
Do I Need a Survey to Buy Land?
In most cases, obtaining or carefully reviewing a reliable survey before buying land is a smart decision.
A survey can help confirm what you are actually purchasing, where the property boundaries are located, how much acreage is included, and whether visible conditions on the ground are consistent with the deed, legal description, and title records. For land buyers, those questions can directly affect value, access, development potential, financing, and future use.
Unlike many residential transactions, vacant and rural land often has fewer obvious physical reference points. There may be no fence, driveway, house, or other improvement clearly showing where one property ends and another begins. Large tracts may also contain old roads, timber lines, streams, utility corridors, rights-of-way, or neighboring uses that make boundary questions more important.
A current survey may help identify:
Property boundaries and corner locations
Reported acreage
Encroachments
Easements and rights-of-way
Road frontage
Access routes
Improvements near or across boundary lines
Possible gaps or overlaps
Inconsistencies between occupation and record boundaries
Conditions that could affect the buyer’s intended use
That does not mean every land purchase requires a brand-new survey.
A recent survey may already exist and may be acceptable for the buyer’s purposes, particularly if the boundaries have not changed and the survey can be reliably tied to the property being conveyed. In other transactions, a lender, title company, attorney, municipality, engineer, or other professional may recommend or require updated surveying work.
The real question is not simply whether a survey exists. It is whether the available survey information gives the buyer enough confidence to understand the property being purchased.
When Is a New Survey Especially Important?
A buyer should give particularly strong consideration to obtaining a new or updated survey when:
The property has never been surveyed or the prior survey is very old
The acreage stated in advertising differs from the deed or tax records
Boundary markers cannot be located
Neighboring fences, buildings, roads, or improvements appear close to the property line
Access depends on an easement or private right-of-way
The property is landlocked or has questionable road frontage
The buyer intends to build, subdivide, develop, timber, fence, or otherwise improve the land
There are possible encroachments, gaps, overlaps, or boundary disputes
The tract is being divided from a larger parcel
Title documents reference easements or rights that are difficult to locate on the ground
A survey can also become more important as the buyer’s intended use becomes more intensive. Someone purchasing a large recreational tract may have different survey concerns than a buyer planning to construct homes, subdivide acreage, install utilities, or develop a commercial property.
Can I Buy Land Without a Survey?
Yes. In some transactions, a buyer may choose to purchase land without obtaining a new survey. That decision, however, should be made with a clear understanding of the risk.
Tax maps, GIS systems, online mapping platforms, aerial imagery, and listing maps can be extremely useful for evaluating property, but they should not automatically be treated as substitutes for a professional survey. Many of these resources are designed for assessment, planning, or informational purposes and may not establish the legal location of a boundary.
A buyer who closes without adequate survey information may later discover that a fence is not on the property line, acreage differs from expectations, an access road crosses neighboring property, an improvement encroaches across a boundary, or the property cannot be used exactly as anticipated.
Those problems can be considerably more difficult and expensive to resolve after closing.
Survey Due Diligence Is About Managing Risk
The purpose of a survey is not merely to create another document for the closing file. It is to help the buyer understand the land.
Before purchasing a property, buyers should review available deeds, surveys, plats, title information, access documents, and other relevant records and determine whether additional surveying work is appropriate for the transaction.
When significant boundary, acreage, access, subdivision, or title questions exist, consultation with a licensed professional surveyor, real estate attorney, title professional, or other appropriate specialist may be warranted.
Land is different. When you purchase acreage, you are not simply buying the area inside an approximate line on an online map. You are purchasing a legally defined parcel of real estate, and understanding where that parcel begins, where it ends, and what rights affect it is fundamental to making an informed land purchase.
Old Surveys Versus Current Surveys
Many sellers have an old survey or believe one exists somewhere in the chain of ownership. That can be helpful, but it does not always resolve every question.
Important considerations may include:
When was the survey done?
Was it recorded?
Was it prepared for a specific limited purpose?
Does it reflect the full tract being sold?
Have there been later conveyances or boundary changes?
Does the survey align with current deed language?
Are monuments still identifiable?
Does it show easements, rights-of-way, or encroachments that still matter today?
An older survey may provide useful context without fully solving current transaction concerns. In some situations, it may be enough to support general understanding. In others, a buyer, lender, title company, or attorney may want updated work.
Legal Descriptions Matter More Than Many People Realize
A legal description is not just boilerplate language in a deed. In the land business, the legal description is one of the most important written definitions of what is actually being conveyed.
It may reference:
metes and bounds
adjoining owners
monuments
courses and distances
subdivision plats
prior deeds
acreage estimates
rights-of-way or exclusions
Problems arise when the legal description is:
vague
inconsistent with actual use
inconsistent with a prior survey
based on historic calls that are difficult to locate
missing key detail
carried forward from old documents without careful review
A tract may be marketed broadly as a 50-acre parcel, for example, while the legal description tells a more complicated story. Or the description may describe the property adequately in legal terms, but not in a way that matches what a buyer assumes after walking the land.
This is why land should never be reduced to, “everyone knows where it is.”
Acreage Discrepancies
Acreage issues are common and can affect both expectations and value.
Sometimes a seller has always understood a tract to contain a certain number of acres, only for later review or survey to suggest a different figure. In other cases, the deed may use approximations such as “more or less,” which is common, but not always satisfying when exact acreage matters to the buyer.
Acreage discrepancies matter because land is often marketed, compared, and valued in part by size. Even when price per acre is not the sole driver of value, acreage still influences market perception.
Important questions may include:
Is the acreage estimated or surveyed?
Is the advertised size supported by current documentation?
Are there exclusions, easements, or rights that affect usable acreage?
Is the buyer relying on exact acreage for a particular plan?
The larger the tract or the more use-specific the buyer’s goal, the more important clarity may become.
Monuments, Markers, and Physical Evidence
On the ground, boundaries may sometimes be supported by physical evidence such as:
iron pins
marked corners
stone monuments
fence lines
tree lines
blazes
old walls
roads or trails
But physical evidence should be interpreted carefully. A fence line may reflect a practical use boundary rather than a legal one. A tree line may look like a property line without being one. A marker may have shifted or may be misunderstood.
Old evidence may help, but it does not always answer the legal question by itself. This is another reason land representation requires discipline. A land professional can point out what is believed or represented, but should avoid overstating certainty where formal confirmation is lacking.
Encroachments
An encroachment exists when an improvement, use, or occupation extends across a boundary line.
Examples may include:
a neighbor’s fence
a driveway
a structure
a shed
a field edge
a trail
a utility feature
a hunting blind or related improvement
Encroachments matter because they can affect:
title review
use rights
marketability
negotiations
closing conditions
buyer confidence
potential legal disputes
Some encroachments are minor and manageable. Others become central issues in the transaction. The important point is that they should not be ignored once discovered.
Gaps and Overlaps
Some title and survey issues involve gaps or overlaps between adjoining descriptions.
A gap may suggest that a strip of land is not clearly described in either adjoining tract. An overlap may suggest that two descriptions appear to claim the same area.
These are technical issues, but they matter because they can complicate ownership clarity and title insurability. Most buyers will not see these issues simply by walking the land. They often emerge only through careful survey and title review.
This is one reason land transactions often demand more patience than people expect.
Title Is Not Just a Closing Formality
In land sales, title work is not merely paperwork that happens at the end. It is often where the real ownership picture becomes clearer.
Title review may reveal:
vesting issues
estate or trust concerns
old reservations or exceptions
access easements
severed rights
unreleased interests
deed inconsistencies
judgment or lien issues
questionable legal descriptions
unreconciled chain-of-title concerns
A seller may have no idea these issues exist until title is examined. A buyer may not understand why they matter until they affect closing or future ownership confidence.
In land brokerage, title work is often one of the most important parts of due diligence.
What Does a Title Search Find When Buying Land?
A title search is one of the most important parts of land due diligence because it examines the public record to determine who owns the property and what recorded rights, claims, restrictions, or obligations may affect it.
For land buyers, a title search can reveal issues that are not visible during a property visit and may not appear on tax maps, GIS systems, or aerial imagery.
A title search may identify:
The current record owner
The chain of title
Mortgages and deeds of trust
Liens
Judgments
Unpaid taxes
Recorded easements
Rights-of-way
Utility easements
Access rights
Mineral rights reservations
Timber rights or other severed interests
Restrictive covenants
Deed restrictions
Recorded leases
Boundary-related references
Subdivision restrictions
Homeowner or property association obligations
Probate or estate-related ownership issues
Possible ownership defects
Prior conveyances that may affect the property
The exact scope of a title search can vary depending on the transaction, jurisdiction, title company, attorney, and type of title work being performed.
Why Title Searches Matter More With Land
Land transactions often involve title issues that are less obvious than those associated with improved residential property.
A tract may appear to have a road leading directly to it, but the title records may show no recorded easement granting the legal right to use that road.
A property may contain a pipeline, power line, or private roadway that appears minor on the ground but is subject to a recorded easement granting significant rights to another party.
The deed may also reveal that certain mineral, oil and gas, timber, or other property rights were previously reserved or conveyed separately from the surface estate.
These matters can affect:
Property value
Access
Financing
Development potential
Building locations
Timbering
Agricultural use
Recreational use
Future resale
The buyer’s ability to use the property as intended
This is why land buyers should evaluate both the physical property and the legal rights associated with it.
Does a Title Search Find Everything?
A title search primarily examines matters that can be discovered through the applicable public records and the scope of the examination being performed. Certain conditions affecting the property may not be apparent from the record alone.
For example, additional investigation may be needed to identify:
Unrecorded access arrangements
Boundary disputes
Visible encroachments
Adverse possession claims
Prescriptive-use claims
Unrecorded leases or occupancy
Physical conditions inconsistent with the deed
Survey discrepancies
Environmental conditions
Zoning or land-use restrictions
Wetlands, floodplain, or other regulatory issues
This is why a title search should generally be considered one component of broader land due diligence rather than a substitute for a survey, physical inspection, zoning review, environmental investigation, or legal analysis when those matters are relevant.
Title Search Versus Title Insurance
A title search and title insurance are related, but they are not the same thing.
The title search is the examination of the property records. Title insurance is a policy that may protect the insured party against certain covered title defects, claims, or losses, subject to the policy’s terms, exclusions, and exceptions.
Before closing, buyers should carefully review the title commitment or preliminary title report, including the listed exceptions and requirements. Those exceptions can be especially important in land transactions because they may identify easements, rights-of-way, restrictions, mineral reservations, and other matters that directly affect how the property can be used.
Land is different. A buyer is not only purchasing acreage. The buyer is acquiring a specific collection of ownership rights, subject to whatever valid rights may already belong to other parties. Understanding those rights before closing is a critical part of making an informed land purchase.
Title Defects and Clouds on Title
A title defect or cloud on title can refer to a problem or unresolved issue that affects the seller’s ability to convey clean ownership.
This might involve:
missing heirs
unreleased mortgages or liens
old deed errors
conflicting documents
incomplete estate transfers
uncertain vesting
unresolved rights claims
incorrect legal descriptions
Some title issues are relatively simple to address. Others take time, documentation, or legal work to resolve. The key is that they often affect transaction timing and certainty, especially with land that has been held for years or passed through multiple generations.
Boundary Issues and Access Issues Often Overlap
Boundary problems are not always separate from access problems.
For example:
the driveway may cross outside the true boundary
the route used for access may not align with the recorded easement
a gate may sit on neighboring land
the visible entry point may not match the legal right-of-way
a seller may believe road frontage exists where the survey suggests otherwise
This is why boundary review and access review often need to be considered together in land sales.
Why These Issues Should Be Addressed Early
A land listing should not go live without at least asking the right preliminary questions.
A land professional should ask:
Is there a survey?
How old is it?
Do you know of any encroachments or disputes?
Are the corners marked?
Has anyone challenged the lines?
Does the access route follow the property or a recorded easement?
Are there known title concerns?
Has the land been inherited or held for a long time?
Are there any old deeds, plats, or documents that may help clarify the tract?
The purpose is not to create fear. The purpose is to identify potential issues before they surprise the parties in the middle of a transaction.
How Boundary and Title Issues Affect Marketing
Marketing land responsibly means describing it in a way that reflects what is known and avoids overstating certainty.
That may mean using careful language such as:
“acreage believed to be”
“subject to survey”
“buyer should verify”
“boundary lines in photos are approximate”
“title and rights subject to review”
It also means being careful with maps and visual overlays. Mapping tools and aerial boundary depictions are extremely useful in land marketing, but they should not be presented as exact survey evidence unless they truly are.
The better practice is to use them as informative tools while being clear about their purpose and limitations.
How These Issues Affect Buyer Confidence
Buyers of land want clarity. They want to know:
what they are buying
where it begins and ends
how much land they are receiving
whether the access works
whether there are disputes
whether title can be insured
whether their intended use is supported by the property as actually owned
When those questions are answered clearly, confidence rises. When the answers are vague, assumed, or inconsistent, hesitation follows. That hesitation affects price, timing, and deal stability.
Common Mistakes People Make With Boundary, Survey, and Title Issues
One common mistake is assuming a fence line is the legal boundary. Another is treating old family understanding as though it were formal legal certainty. A third is using approximate maps or tax parcel visuals as though they are exact survey evidence. A fourth is ignoring title work until late in the process. A fifth is marketing the property aggressively before the actual boundary, acreage, access, and title picture are understood.
Why This Matters So Much in the Land Business
These issues matter in every kind of real estate, but they are especially important in land because land often involves:
larger tracts
less visible boundary definition
older deed history
inherited ownership
informal use patterns
variable acreage
access routes across or near adjoining land
rights issues that affect the title picture
Because land is not just another listing, the lines on the ground and the ownership on paper must be taken seriously.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a survey before buying land?
In many land transactions, obtaining or carefully reviewing a reliable survey is highly advisable. A survey can help confirm property boundaries, acreage, access, easements, encroachments, road frontage, and the location of improvements relative to the property lines.
Not every transaction requires a brand-new survey, particularly when a recent and reliable survey already exists. However, buyers should avoid relying solely on tax maps, GIS systems, aerial imagery, or listing maps as substitutes for a professional survey.
A new or updated survey becomes especially important when boundaries are unclear, acreage is disputed, access depends on an easement, neighboring improvements are close to the property line, or the buyer intends to build, subdivide, develop, timber, fence, or otherwise improve the land.
What is an encroachment in real estate?
An encroachment occurs when a structure, improvement, or use extends across a property boundary onto another parcel without a clearly established legal right to do so.
Common examples include:
Fences crossing a boundary
Sheds or buildings extending onto neighboring land
Driveways crossing adjoining property
Retaining walls or landscaping beyond the property line
Utility or drainage improvements located outside their authorized area
Encroachments can affect title, financing, insurance, marketability, and future use of the property. Some are minor and may be resolved by agreement, while others can lead to boundary disputes or legal action. A survey is often one of the primary tools used to identify potential encroachments.
What does a title search reveal for land?
A title search examines public records relating to the ownership and legal history of a property. Depending on the scope of the search, it may reveal:
The current record owner
Prior transfers in the chain of title
Mortgages or deeds of trust
Liens and judgments
Unpaid taxes
Easements and rights-of-way
Deed restrictions and restrictive covenants
Mineral, timber, or other reserved interests
Recorded leases
Subdivision restrictions
Probate or estate-related ownership issues
Other recorded claims or interests affecting the property
A title search does not necessarily reveal every possible issue affecting land. Unrecorded access arrangements, physical encroachments, adverse possession claims, survey discrepancies, zoning concerns, and environmental conditions may require additional investigation.
What is a cloud on title for land?
A cloud on title is a claim, defect, inconsistency, or unresolved issue that creates uncertainty about the ownership of a property or the rights associated with it.
Examples may include:
An unreleased mortgage or lien
Conflicting deeds
Missing signatures
Errors in a legal description
Unresolved estate or probate interests
Questionable prior conveyances
Competing ownership claims
Improperly recorded documents
Unresolved judgments or tax liens
A cloud on title can interfere with a sale, financing, or the issuance of title insurance until the issue is resolved. Some problems can be corrected through documentation or releases, while more serious disputes may require legal action, including a quiet title proceeding.
Is an old survey still valid for a land purchase?
Possibly. The age of a survey alone does not determine whether it is useful or reliable for a current transaction.
An older survey may still provide valuable information if the property boundaries have not changed, the monuments can still be located, no portion of the property has been subdivided or conveyed, and there have been no significant changes affecting the tract.
However, an older survey may not reflect:
New easements or rights-of-way
Later subdivisions or boundary adjustments
New buildings, fences, roads, or other improvements
Encroachments that developed after the survey
Updated title conditions
Changes to adjoining properties
Buyers should review the date, scope, certification, and purpose of an existing survey and determine whether it is sufficient for the current transaction. When there is uncertainty, a licensed professional surveyor, title professional, lender, or real estate attorney can help determine whether updated surveying work is appropriate.
Final Takeaway
Boundary, survey, and title considerations are not technical side notes in land brokerage. They are core parts of understanding what is being sold, how it should be marketed, what a buyer is truly acquiring, and whether the transaction can move smoothly to closing.
The better these issues are understood at the beginning, the stronger the representation becomes and the fewer surprises are likely to emerge later. In the land business, clarity is not optional. It is foundational.
Next Steps
This article is part of a broader series designed to break down how land works from a practical, real-world perspective. Understanding boundaries, surveys, and title is essential to knowing what is actually being conveyed in a land transaction, but those elements directly connect to how a property is accessed and how ownership structure impacts control, authority, and transferability.
To understand how access, easements, and right-of-way affect usability, legal entry, and land value, explore the following blog:
→ Land Access, Easements & Right-of-Way Explained
To understand how ownership structure impacts who can sell, who must sign, and how land is legally held and transferred, explore the following blog:
→ Land Ownership Types and How They Affect Sales
Closing Statement
A land transaction is only as strong as the clarity behind the property being conveyed. Boundaries, surveys, legal descriptions, acreage, encroachments, and title issues all shape the reality of ownership and the confidence of the buyer. In land brokerage, understanding these issues early is one of the most important parts of representing the property responsibly.
About the Author
Christopher Wilson is an Associate Broker, Realtor®, ABR®, SRES®, Team Leader, and Land Specialist serving Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia and is a member and Regional Ambassador with the KW Land® Division, . Along with actively representing clients in real estate transactions, he focuses on educating agents, landowners, buyers, and sellers on the distinct nature of land and the complexities of real estate transactions.
If you're buying, selling, or considering land in Pennsylvania, Maryland, or West Virginia, Christopher Wilson and other members of the KW Land® Division can help. Contact Christopher → or search available land listings →.
Professional Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for general educational and informational purposes only and is based on professional real estate experience in land and related property transactions. Christopher Wilson is a licensed real estate professional and land specialist, but is not an attorney, financial advisor, tax advisor, surveyor, engineer, or certified appraiser. Nothing in this article should be construed as legal, tax, financial, appraisal, engineering, surveying, or other professional advice. Readers should consult qualified licensed professionals regarding matters specific to their property, transaction, or jurisdiction.
